When crafting a compelling story, writers must understand the distinction between story scenes and story subplots. As in many blogs, I’ve discussed how I was so unclear about some concepts in Literature writing that I usually had this misconception that two different things are similar with different names such as Story and plot, plot types and narrative types even the words classical and classic. The concepts were always hard to catch before I dived into the “how to write a story“ headache.
But like other writing elements soon I realized that I was going wrong with this one too, which is “scenes and subplots”
Well, while both contribute to the depth and structure of a narrative, they serve different purposes and function on separate levels. This guide breaks down their key differences, roles in storytelling, and how to use them effectively.
What is a Scene?
A scene is a single, self-contained unit of action within a story. It is a specific moment where characters interact, events unfold, and the plot progresses. A scene focuses on an immediate event, contributing directly to the story’s momentum.
Characteristics of a Scene:
- Advances the Main Plot – Each scene plays a role in moving the central plot forward.
- Has a Defined Setting and time frame – A scene occurs in a particular place and moment within the story. (it can also occur at the climax, story’s end or story’s beginning point)
- Includes Conflict or Change – Something significant happens through action, dialogue, or character introspection.
- Short and Self-Contained – Scenes are individual moments that, when linked together, create the full narrative.
Examples of a Scene:
- A detective questions a suspect about a murder, uncovering a crucial piece of evidence. This moment directly impacts the story’s progression.
- A warrior faces off against a rival in a duel, where the outcome determines their fate.
- A couple argues about their future, leading to a breakup or a deeper understanding of their relationship.
- A scientist discovers a breakthrough in their research, setting off a chain of events that impact the world.
What is a Subplot?
A subplot is a secondary storyline running parallel to the main narrative. It adds depth, expands character arcs, and often reinforces or contrasts the central theme.
Characteristics of a Subplot:
- Supports or Contrasts the Main Plot – A subplot enhances or provides a counterpoint to the primary story.
- Develop Secondary Characters – It often focuses on side characters, giving them depth and purpose.
- Longer and More Spread Out – Unlike a scene, a subplot unfolds over multiple scenes.
- May Have a Separate Resolution – Some subplots conclude independently, while others merge with the main plot.
Examples of a Subplot:
- While a detective investigates a murder (main plot), their troubled relationship with their spouse unfolds (subplot). This secondary story adds emotional stakes and complexity.
- In a fantasy novel, the main hero embarks on a quest to defeat a dark lord, while a side character struggles with their own internal conflict about loyalty and betrayal.
- A medical drama follows a doctor trying to save a patient (main plot) while also dealing with an ethical dilemma involving hospital corruption (subplot).
- A young woman prepares for an important career opportunity (main plot) but simultaneously navigates the rekindling of a past romance (subplot).
Key Differences Between Scenes and Subplots
| Feature | Scene | Subplot |
| Purpose | Focuses on a single event or moment | Expands the story with a secondary storyline |
| Length | Short and contained | Stretches across multiple scenes |
| Focus | One specific interaction or conflict | A broader storyline unfolding over time |
| Characters | Involves main characters | Often explores side characters |
| Resolution | Concludes within the scene | May resolve separately or connect to the main plot |
Examples of Scenes and Subplots from Famous Novels
- Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen)
- Scene: Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth Bennet for the first time, but she harshly rejects him, leading to personal growth and reevaluation for both characters.
- Subplot: Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley’s love story runs parallel to Elizabeth and Darcy’s, serving as a contrast between romance built on miscommunication versus one based on sincerity.
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (by J.K. Rowling)
- Scene: Harry and his friends face the life-sized chess challenge while trying to reach the Sorcerer’s Stone, a pivotal moment of tension and teamwork.
- Subplot: Hermione’s struggle for acceptance as a Muggle-born witch highlights issues of prejudice within the wizarding world.
- The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald)\
- Scene: Gatsby reunites with Daisy at Nick’s house, rekindling their old love and setting the stage for the novel’s tragic events.
- Subplot: Tom Buchanan’s affair with Myrtle Wilson reflects themes of moral decay and societal hypocrisy, reinforcing the novel’s broader critique of the American Dream.
How to Use Scenes and Subplots Effectively in a Story
- Balance the Story – Too many subplots can overshadow the main story, while too few can make the narrative feel one-dimensional.
- Ensure Every Scene Has Purpose – Avoid filler scenes that do not progress the plot or deepen character arcs.
- Tie Subplots to the Main Theme – Even if they are secondary, subplots should reinforce the story’s central message or theme.
- Pace Your Subplots Wisely – Introduce subplots gradually and resolve them at appropriate moments to avoid overwhelming the reader.
Conclusion of the Debate
Scenes and subplots are both essential elements of storytelling, but they serve different functions. Scenes drive immediate action and push the story forward, while subplots enrich the narrative by adding depth and secondary layers. Understanding the distinction and balancing the two effectively will result in a more engaging and well-structured story.